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1.
Actual. osteol ; 14(3): 168-177, sept. - dic. 2018. ilus., graf., tab.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049519

ABSTRACT

Zoledronic acid (ZA) is an antiresorptive drug used in children with bone diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenil osteoporosis, fibrous dysplasia and primary bone tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ZA dose accumulation on growing bone during different periods of treatment in normal rats. Methods: A 4x2 factorial design was used to study the effect of the dose of ZA (D: 0-2.5-12.5-25 µg Z/kg body weight/s.c. weekly) and the length of treatment (T: 15-30 days) in normal female Sprague Dawley rats. Bone morphometric, histomorphometric, densitometric and biomechanical studies were performed. Results: Femoral length and cross-sectional area were affected by both D and T. A significant interaction between D and T was observed in length with a lower value at higher dose and 30 days of treatment. Growth plate of the tibia showed a decrease in total thickness with D and T. Histomorphometric and connectivity parameters of trabecular bone were significantly increased with D and several parameters were also affected by T. Cortical bone strength was increased only with T. Biomechanical parameters of trabecular bone showed significant interaction with greater effect at higher D and T. Conclusion: Even though a mild negative effect of the highest dose of ZA on linear and appositional growth was observed, the other bone parameters evaluated were improved. A careful risk/benefit analysis would lead us to conclude that the mild deleterious effects of ZA during growth are outweighed by the benefit obtained with treatment. (AU)


El ácido zoledrónico (AZ) es un fármaco antirresortivo utilizado en niños con enfermedades óseas como osteogénesis imperfecta, osteoporosis juvenil, displasia fibrosa y tumores óseos primarios. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de las dosis acumuladas de AZ en el hueso en crecimiento de ratas hembras normales durante diferentes períodos de tratamiento. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño factorial de 4x2 para estudiar el efecto de la dosis de AZ (D: 0-2,5-12,5-25 µg Z / kg de peso corporal /sc semanalmente) y el período de tratamiento (T: 15-30 días) en ratas Sprague Dawley. Se realizaron estudios óseos morfométricos, histomorfométricos, densitométricos y biomecánicos. Resultados: la longitud y el área de sección transversal del fémur se vieron afectadas tanto por D como por T. Se observó una interacción significativa entre D y T en la longitud obteniéndose un valor más bajo a la dosis más alta y a 30 días de tratamiento. El cartílago de crecimiento de la tibia mostró una disminución en el espesor total con D y T. Los parámetros histomorfométricos y de conectividad del hueso trabecular aumentaron significativamente con D y varios parámetros también se vieron afectados por T. La fortaleza ósea cortical aumentó solo con T. Los parámetros biomecánicos del hueso trabecular mostraron una interacción significativa con un mayor efecto a mayor D y T. Conclusión: a pesar que se observó un leve efecto negativo de la dosis más alta de AZ sobre el crecimiento lineal y aposicional, el resto de los parámetros óseos evaluados mejoraron. Un análisis cuidadoso del riesgo /beneficio permite concluir que los efectos negativos leves del AZ durante el crecimiento son superados por el beneficio obtenido con el tratamiento. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Bone and Bones/drug effects , Zoledronic Acid/adverse effects , Growth Plate/drug effects , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/drug therapy , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley/physiology , Femur/drug effects , Femur/diagnostic imaging , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/drug therapy , Zoledronic Acid/administration & dosage
2.
Actual. osteol ; 13(3): 233-242, Sept - DIc. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117496

ABSTRACT

La displasia fibrosa ósea es un trastorno no hereditario del desarrollo esquelético caracterizado por una proliferación anormal de fibroblastos y diferenciación deficiente de osteoblastos que conduce a un reemplazo del tejido óseo esponjoso por tejido conectivo fibroso. Es producida por una mutación somática activadora del gen GNAS1 que induce una activación y proliferación de células mesenquimales indiferenciadas con formación de tejido fibroso y trabéculas óseas anómalas. Existen formas monostóticas, poliostóticas y craneofaciales con diversos grados de dolor, deformidades y fracturas óseas, aunque muchos casos son asintomáticos. En ocasiones se producen quistes óseos aneurismáticos, hemorragias, compromisos neurológicos y raramente osteosarcomas. Algunos casos se asocian a síndrome de McCune-Albright, síndrome de Mazabraud y a osteomalacia por hipofosfatemia por pérdida tubular renal inducida por el FGF23 producido por el tejido displásico. Los hallazgos en las radiografías convencionales son característicos, aunque variables y de carácter evolutivo. La gammagrafía ósea es la técnica de imagen con mayor sensibilidad para determinar la extensión de la enfermedad. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye múltiples lesiones óseas de características similares y en raras ocasiones se requiere biopsia ósea o estudio genético para confirmarlo. No existe un consenso unánime acerca del abordaje terapéutico de estos pacientes, razón por la cual es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario. La conducta puede ser expectante o quirúrgica según el tipo de lesiones y es importante el manejo del dolor y de las endocrinopatías asociadas. La mayor experiencia publicada se refiere al uso de bifosfonatos y, más recientemente, denosumab. Los tratamientos actuales son insuficientes para modificar el curso de la enfermedad y es necesario el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas que actúen específicamente en el gen GNAS1 o sobre las células mesenquimales afectadas. (AU)


Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a noninherited developmental anomaly of bone characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and differentiation of osteoblasts that cause a replacement of trabeculous bone by fibrous connective tissue. It is caused by a somatic mutation in the GNAS1 gene, which induces an undifferentiated mesenquimal cells activation and proliferation with formation of fibrous tissue and abnormal osseous trabeculae. There are monostotic, polyostotic and craniofacial variants with different grades of bone pain, deformities and fractures, although many cases remain asymptomatic. Aneurysmal bone cysts, bleeding, neurological compromise and infrequently osteosarcoma are possible complications. Some cases are associated to McCune-Albright syndrome, Mazabraud syndrome or hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia due to to renal tubular loss induced by FGF23 produced by dysplastic tissue. The findings on conventional radiography are characteristic although variable and evlolve with time. Bone scintigraphy is the most sensitive technique to evaluate the extent of disease. Differential diagnosis include several osseous lesions of similar appearance and, in some cases, bone biopsy or genetic testing may be necessary. Today, there is no consensus regarding the therapeutic approach for these patients and it is necessary a multidisciplinary medical team. Watchful waiting or surgical interventions can be indicated, depending on the type of bone lesions. Bone pain and associated endocrinopathies management are very important. Most published experience refers to the use of bisphosphonates and, more recently, denosumab. Current treatments are insufficient to modify the natural curse of the disease and therefore, new molecules with specific action on GNAS1 gene or affected mesenchymal cells are necessary. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/etiology , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/drug therapy , Osteogenesis/genetics , Osteomalacia/complications , Congenital Abnormalities , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Osteosarcoma/etiology , Calcium/therapeutic use , Hypophosphatemia/blood , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diphosphonates/administration & dosage , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , Fractures, Bone/pathology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology , Pain Management , Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic/etiology , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/genetics , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/blood , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/diagnostic imaging , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/etiology , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/diagnostic imaging , Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia/etiology , Mutation/genetics
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(n.esp)nov. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-568298

ABSTRACT

A displasia fibrosa (DF) do osso é uma desordem congênita, não hereditária, do esqueleto e de caráter benigno, que cursa com amplo espectro de apresentação, variando do assintomático à dor óssea, fraturas de repetição, deformidades ósseas (fêmur em cajado de pastor e fácies leonina) e compressão de nervos cranianos. É comumente referida como uma doença óssea de alto turnover. Todos os casos contêm a mutação GNAS1. A DF apresenta duas formas: a monostótica, mais comum, e a poliostótica, mais rara, que quando acompanhada de manchas café-com-leite e puberdade precoce constitui a síndrome de McCune -Albright. O tratamento pode ser feito com medicamentos como bifosfonato ou de forma cirúrgica, objetivando-se a correção das lesões. Este trabalho relata o caso de um menino de cinco anos de idade cujos sinais e sintomas conduziam ao diagnóstico de DF. Além disso, faz revisão de literatura sobre uma doença pouco comum, com variada gama de diagnósticos diferenciais.


Background and Objectives: Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) of bone is a benign nothereditary congenital disorder of medullary bone maintenace in which bone undergoingphysiologic lysis is replaced by abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue,resulting in assymmetric distortion and expantion of bone. It may be confined toa single bone (monostotic) or involve several bones (polyostotic). Prompt recognitionof this disease is important once it takes part in a wide group of differentialdiagnosis. This review is intended to provide clinicians with an understanding ofthe pathophysiology that underlies FD and its presentation forms. Methods: Thisarticle reviews and analyzes literature relevant to the pathophysiology and managementof FD and presents a case-study of a five-year-old boy who came downwith it. Methods include search of MEDLINE, and bibliographic search of currenttextbooks and journal articles. Results and Conclusions: The patient who wasinvestigated had, at the beginning, bone pain and other symptoms leading toa possible diagnosis of FD, which was confirmed by bone biopsy. He remainsasymptomatic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/diagnosis , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/drug therapy , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Radiography
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